Freedom of Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Freedom of Speech - Essay Example Given that Hustler defends male dominance in sexual matters one can conclude that Hustler harms and subordinates women. On the other hand, this magazine has also a negative connotation for men promoting their sexual coarseness and inclination towards violence against women. As a result, this leads to the consolidation of the male domination in society that negatively affects the relationship between men and women. In this respect, the legal regulation of pornography may reduce the negative impact of pornography on society. Catharine MacKinnon would point to the fact that pornography is immoral phenomenon, which violates the principles of gender equality and is thus a direct threat to the status of women in society. One can suppose that freedom of speech might strengthen these tendencies in the society, as it will promote the idea that men have a right to sexual dominance over women including the use of

How does Barthes' The Death of the Author help illuminate the themes Essay

How does Barthes' The Death of the Author help illuminate the themes of Goodnight Desdemona(good morning Juliet) - Essay Example It does not have to be necessary that both texts are in the same category or addressing similar subjects. The most important thing to note is that they give the audience the ability and opportunity to understand various concepts better than if they did not bother reading them both. Ideas of two authors can be either similar or contracting with each other, but still, drawing reference between them remains a good reason why two texts can be read together. The advantages of reading two texts together and drawing references cannot be underestimated, as revealed by two texts, Barthes’ â€Å"The Death of the Author† and â€Å"Goodnight Desdemona (good morning Juliet)†. ... She came into this conclusion after she realized that if wise fools had been used in the plays instead of the real fools who had been used, they would automatically lose their tragic element. Although she is clever enough to realize the fools in both the two texts, she does not realize the fool in in the death of the author, the author points out that there are those readers who will properly understand the every word and the duplicate as well as hear the voice that the characters are speaking in the text. By this he meant that the most effective leaders are those that can read in between the lines and understand the hidden meanings of the author without any hardship. An effective reader can make out the culture of the characters, their behaviors and the kind of relationship that they exhibit even without these details having to be revealed in open by the text. This definition perfectly suits the character of Constance, who deductively comes into a conclusion that the characters in t he two tragedies by Shakespeare were fools (Barthes web). In drawing her conclusion therefore, she feels that a change of the characters would significantly change the type of the texts. From this analysis, the definition of a reader by Barthes effectively helps in the illumination of the theme of reading my MacDonald. Another theme that can effectively be illuminated by the text the death of the author is the theme of criticism. Criticism can be defined as positive or negative close scrutiny of a text or a book to reveal the effectiveness of the author in addressing the particular topic in his mind. Positive criticism looks at the positive side of the text and where the author successfully tackled their point while negative

Telecommunication industry Essay Example for Free

Telecommunication industry Essay Telecommunication industry is a fast growing industry all over the world, During the beginning era of mobile phones, call charges was highly expensive and it was not affordable to common public, during period of 2000-2007 telecommunication industry become a highly competitive and mobile phones become a common commodity, this development gave extra energy to the telecommunication sector and mobile phone service providers started to attract subscribers Most of the countries have multiple operators and they do have very tight competition among them. Big countries like India, China, USA, have plenty of mobile operators, Most of the operators are offering low call costs and added value services to attract the subscribers. UAE is a very fast developing economy in MENA region and growth in UAE telecommunication sector is very aggressive. From 2003 UAE telecom sector started growing rapidly by increasing of mobile users, internet users, adding new broad band technology etc. UAE’s first telecom provider is Etisalat and it is established in 1976, up to 2007 Etisalat was the sole player in UAE telecom sector. When compare to some other countries UAE was the only country that had a single operator for long time. By 2007 UAE government has given the permission for one more operator, hence a new company has started which is Emirates Integrated Telecommunication PJSC. Currently UAE have two telecom operators which is Etisalat (Emirates Telecommunications Corporation) and DU (Emirates Integrated Telecommunications). Both companies are governed by TRA, Telecom Regulatory Authority. TRA UAE has been established according to the UAE federal law, TRA is responsible for the managing of every part of telecommunication information technology industry of UAE. As per a recent press release by TRA, (Telecom Regulatory Authority of UAE) number of mobile subscriptions in UAE growing hurriedly and it is expected to reach 11.7 million by the next year. This indicate that this rate is one of the high mobile penetration rates in the world. During 2008 -2012 the number of internet service subscribers increased 10.5% to over 1.3 million showed the figures. The percentage of internet subscriptions connected by fiber technology increased by 7.8% of customers were upgraded from copper networks to new advanced networks. As per the figures in 2011 telecommunication industry contributed a significant part in UAE’s economic growth and this sector an employer for around 10,000 people from different nationalities. Since UAE Is a place who have lot of expatriates, number of intern ational calls are very high than some other countries and the revenue from ISD calls are also high. There is a lot of illegal VOIP calls provides in the market which is a threat to the telecom sector in UAE, Government has started a campaign to prevent this but still illegal VOIP providers are active in the market. Both operators Etisalt DU has published lot of notices and warnings via media to educate people to stay away from illegal VOIP phone services. The development of information technology energized the telecommunication sector, in some cases the IT development helps the mobile companies to make more revenue, but some cases the IT development become a reason for their revenue lose also. Let me take the example of smart phones, since smart phones are very popular among the public, the revenue from the DATA usage has increased significantly, but in other ways the revenue from the calls has declined drastically as people has started to use messenger services with the help of mobile data internet. About DU- Profile Emirates Integrated Telecommunication Company Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company (EITC) is a telecommunications company in the United Arab Emirates. Although Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company is its legal name, it was commercially rebranded as DU in February 2006.They started their operation in 2006 with mobile and fixed telephone services, broadband connectivity and IPTV services to individuals, homes and businesses. The company, has invested AED 1.7 billion in 2011 and has a total of 4,993,600 active mobile subscribers, 623,7000 fixed-line telephony subscribers and 127,000 broadband internet subscribers. By end beginning of 2012 DU have employee strength of 2000 peoples from 60 nationalities. As a part of their commitment with UAE government they have employed a lot of UAE nationals in their senior level posts. Since Etisalat was the one and only service provider in UAE for long time, and there was lot of complaints among the public about the call rates of Etisalat while compare to the other operators in other regions, DU has got a warm welcome to the UAE telecom sector, they have faced lot of technical issues in the starting era, Etisalat was so established in the market as they are the one who started the telecommunication in UAE with fixed telephone lines, it was a challenge for DU to break the barriers of an industry leader like Etisalat. During the beginning time DU has started with mobile phone services, fixed lines and internet, services, but their main focus was in mobile phone subscriptions, obviously the coverage of mobile network was an important concern, DU has started investing on new mobile towers and highly advanced equipments to overcome this issue. gradually they have started focusing on internet services providing as well as fixed telephones, By 2010 DU has become a prominent player in UAE telecom sector, DU has implemented a lot of new marketing strategies to grab the market share.e.g. Etisalat billing method for long time was 10 second billing and DU has started one second billing which clicked in the mind of the public as they start think about saving call costs. Due to the tight competition Etisalat also forced to reduce their call costs to protect their subscriptions. Year by year the gap between DU and their competitor become shorter, as of October 2012 DU has got a market share of 47.2%. In terms of revenue during the time of 2009 DU got a revenue growth by 35% to aed.5.3 billion, 2010 also considered as a robust year as DU achieved considerable milestones, in 2009 the net profit before royalty was 0.5 bi9llion and it had growth of 132% hence it reached in a level of 1.2 billion. As per the recent press release by DU regarding their financial result as of Q3-2012, DU got an increase in revenue by 12.9% year on year. In 2011 Q3 their revenue was 2.23 billion and as of October-2012 the revenue become 2.52 billion. In case of number of active mobile users DU has got an increase of 20.7%.in Q3 2011 it was 4,938,000 and Q3 2012 their active customer base become 5,960,700. They have achieved same level of growth in case of the number post-paid mobile users and fixed line users, broadband internet users etc. With more than five million subscribers, DU is now focusing on improvement the average minutes of use and average revenue per user. This ARPU rate was aed.113 in 2010 , DU has managed to make it as AED.119 in 2011. Growth in the revenue from internet is become a significant part of DU’ revenue. Based on the industry forecast and projections DU is expecting a rapid growth on the coming years. During 2011 year period DU has managed to reduce their overhead and reinforcing the operational controls. DU has made a significant reinvestment in 2011 which was aed.1.3 billion, they have added 1,275 new base stations, this has improved the network coverage of DU,and 3G data coverage also got very good improvement. In view of a shareholder, DU is a highly profit expecting company in coming years, as per the press release by DU by end of Q3 2012, they have made good control over the overheads. The published figures represents company’s ongoing focus on controlling costs and delivering shareholder values. The increase of overhead in Q2 –Q3 2012 is very tiny, Published financial data, 2009,2010,2011. An over view. Financial overview 2009. As per the financial documents published in end of 2009 , du has reached the mobile market share fof 32%.In terms of revenue growth DU has marked a growth of 35% ,in 2008 it was 3.9 billion and it touch 5.3 billion in 2009.Earning per share for DU share holders grew to aed.0.066 from Aed. 0.001 in 2008. DU has made a reinvestment of 2.4 billion in 2009. While compare to the year 2008 share holders equity has increased by 11% which raised from 2.5 billion to 2.79 billion. Earning before interest , tax, depreciation and amortization increased substantially to the DU’s highest level at AED.1.1. billion for 2009, up 185 from the previous year. Net profit before royalty reached aed.528.2 million, well growth than previous years. Financial overview – 2010 Year 2010 was a very significant year of DU, despite of economic uncertainty in UAE rest of the world DU has achieved a significant growth in terms of market share, gross profit etc. Net profit before royalty amplified by 132% which was a record in the region, in addition to this significant mild stone, DU received the confirmation from Federal Government about the royalty charge for 2010. This early determination from Federal ministry enabled them to plan their liability in terms of royalty payable to Government. As per the published figures by TRA DU has achieved market share of 40% by 2010. Since 2010 is a fourth year of operation this market share is a good achievement. Gross profit has increased from 3.5 billion to 4.6 billion. Financial overview – 2011 The year financial performances has led to the recommendation by the board of directors to purpose our first cash dividend of 1.5 fills per share for 2011. By end of 2001 DU has become the 46% share holder of UAE telecom industry, and subscription strength touched to 5 million, during this period the net net profit before royalty has grown rapidly, increased to aed. 1.8 billion in 2011 which is 48% increase year to year. During this year DU has marked a significant milestone in corporate governance, company has ranked number one in the recently rebalanced S P Hawkamah ESG (Environment Social Corporate Governance) pan arab index. Following chart shows the revenue growth of DU during the time of 2009-2010 period. About DU, a SWOT analysis Below SWOT analysis shows the overall picture of the organization’s current strengths, opportunities etc. STRENGTHSWEAKNESSES 1.A very good growth graph of last 5 years. 2.Highly advanced systems in telecommunication. 3.Good image among the public 4.Support from the Government 5.A strong chain of retail outlets 6.Recently started DU’s mobile WIFI internet 7.Very good plans for corporate sectors 8.Good business cooperation with mobile phone manufactures, Apple, Blackberry, Nokia etc. 9.Attractive plans for cooperate sector. 1.Lack of network coverage in some areas 2.Number of fixed phone subscribers are very less while compare to competitor. 3.DU doesn’t have any international operations which lead to high roaming charges in some regions. OPORTUNITIESTHREATS 1.High internet literacy level of people in UAE which leads to increase in internet usage. 2.Popularity of the smart phones, most of the people are opting smart phones with internet connections, which leads to the increase of data usages. 3.Increase in number of expatriates 4.People’s trend to use two or mobile phones at a time.1.Illegal VOIP phone services, this illegal phones are active in market, which decrease the revenue of DU in case of International calls 2.Pressure from the international telecom sector to allow more operators in the region. 3.Popularity of the messenger services, internet based messenger services which is possible via smart phones tend people to keep away to make calls, this reduce the income of DU in terms of local mobile calls. As per the above analysis DU has got a good path to proceed to the success, while comparing to the competitor DU have some disadvantages, but they got success to overcome this with their marketing strategies. While compare with the competitor DU have got more attractive data packages, and mobile hand set packages as they have managed to build good relationship with the mobile manufacturers which help them to implement more attractive packages. Since the smart phones are became a trend among the public usage of data packages are increasing and this can contribute more revenue in the coming years.

Appearance vs. Reality in Merchant Of Venice Essay example -- Merchant

The theme of Appearance Vs. Reality is used throughout the play to mislead and confuse so things may not always be what they seem. Shakespeare uses deception to enhance the unfolding drama and involve his audience more fully in the play – the audience are party to deceptions which the characters themselves are unaware of. Prejudice was common and the word â€Å"Jew† applied to hardhearted unscrupulous moneylenders. An Elizabethan audience would have been happy to see a Jew, Spaniard or a Moor deceived and Shakespeare clearly tried to give his audience what it wanted. In contrast, many, particularly ladies, would have admired the strong and witty Portia and even though she appears arrogant and racist this would have been accepted in Elizabethan England. Any deception carried out by Portia would therefore be admired and applauded by Shakespeare’s audience and it is not surprising therefore she carries out that many deceptions. A major theme running though the play is that of Christians disliking Jews and Jews returning the feelings. Towards the start of the play Shakespeare introduces deception when Antonio (a Christian) wants a bond from Shylock (a Jew). Shylock agrees to the bond under the condition that Shylock gets a pound of Antonio’s flesh for each pound he cannot return. This bond seems to come out of friendship from Shylock and he describes, â€Å"I would be friends with you, and have your love†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The audience, however, knows at this point that Shylock is deceiving Antonio; although Shylock pretends to like Antonio â€Å"Antonio is a good man† and wants to be friends he has already expressed to the audience his hatred for Antonio. Shylock also describes the bond as â€Å"this merry bond†. A merry bond is a bond which is not serious, a joke, and if the terms of the bond were broken you would not expect to see Shylock wanting to take up the strict terms of it. Again, this is another deception, as later in the play Shylock wants full revenge by taking his pounds of flesh from Antonio. These are two deceptions played on Antonio by Shylock. An Elizabethan audience might expect nothing less of a Jew. By hiding his hatred for Antonio and making light of the pound of flesh, Shylock succeeds in his deception. The next deception is the elopement of Jessica and Lorenzo; a deception in this instant against Shylock. Lorenzo doesn’t care about the consequences to Shylock a... ...eceit when they elope. Deception and intrigue were very common in Shakespeare’s times. He writes about deception as it is what he saw around him and also because it holds his audience’s attention especially when the audience know a character in the play is deceiving another but the other character is not aware of this. Therefore, through deception Shakespeare brings his audience into the play itself and maintains their interest. They would have greatly appreciated being involved in the deceits and lies and would have been familiar, from life around them, with the concept of deception and enjoyed it. The line â€Å"All that glistens is not gold† has survived over 400 years and is used today to warn that outward appearances may mask what is on the inside and this is the message of Shakespeare’s play. Whether Shakespeare was using deception to put across such a message or just to entertain his audience or both, the use of deception gives the play an intriguing plot, with heroes and villains and a theme which his Elizabethan audience could easily relate to. Work Cited Kaplan, M. Lindsay, ed. William Shakespeare: The Merchant of Venice. Bedford/ St. Martin’s: New York, 2002.

African-American Studies Essay

During the period between 1865 and 1900, the lives of many African Americans had changed in both political and social ways. They had a lifestyle transformation. Politically, African Americans were able to vote. As for socially, African Americans were beginning to be viewed as equals. African Americans were given the opportunity to vote. There opinion began to matter. As Alfred H. Ward expresses in his art black men waiting in a line, it means much more than a single file. Displaying the men dressed in different outfits and uniforms waiting to put in their opinion, their vote (Document A). Negroes were now being viewed as another person and another opinion needed. It was even expressed that one shall not be denied a vote for their race (Document C). This is yet again another prime example of the African Americans new progress in a political aspect. Though it may seem a simple and smooth change it wasn’t a golden path through the transformation, some still could not accept the fact that black deserve to have the right to vote. Dramatic words and publication were existent during the late 19-century, even a cartoon was published of an African American man dying, and reason of death being he used his right to vote (document F). Soon the African Americans had their heads soaring high, some people were finally giving them some social respect. Along with the 14th amendment supporting their new freedom things seemed to be changing. Simply re stated â€Å" no state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States† just with the first statement, African Americans are entitled to even more rights (Document B). Again, the civil rights act of 1875, this enacted that all persons of the U. S. shall be entitled to full enjoyment of accommodations, advantages, and privileges of inns, public water and entertainment. Also stating that this is applicable to every citizen of every race (Document D). Though yet again things were not always so positive and equal. â€Å"Jim crow laws of the deep south† created many restrictions and much un fair treatment. To the extent of marriages between white and blacks were prohibited in Florida (Document H). In Georgia one could not burry an African American where whites were buried (Document H). Also, in Mississippi, discussion of or defending for social equality would immediately be guilty of a misdemeanor (Document H). Some cases so harsh that blacks who would assert their rights would face unemployment, eviction, and sometimes physical harm. From evidence shown the African Americans had dramatic reconstruction stages in both political views along with social views. They received some respect and rights of being created equal. They also received their right to vote. Though, it didn’t all become easy and perfect they had much progress of reconstruction. Many changes were made. As many lives were transformed.

Immigration Over The United States - 2049 Words

Immigration has become an extremely debatable topic in the United States over the past 15 years. The United States has earned the term the melting pot of the world due to the country s history as an immigrant nation. The United States was founded by immigrants seeking a better life from the foreign countries they once called home. Over the past two-hundred years Ellis Island and Angel Island have been open doorways for countless immigrants entering the country. Often the glories of America s long and rich history of immigration cover up the struggles and problems that immigrants faced and the burden it places on everyday citizens in society. Today citizens must face numerous challenges and obstacles brought on by both legal and†¦show more content†¦That is why with an ever struggling world economy, both legal and illegal immigration into the United States is on the rise. An increase in immigrants from 3rd world countries to the United States is causing negative effects, maki ng it even more difficult for already struggling Americans, thus calling for more preventative measures protecting the people of the United States. In the midst of dealing with numerous immigrants a lot of confusion and lack of understanding the whole situation is created. A lack of understanding leads to numerous questions being asked. Questions such as where do illegal immigrants come from? Why do illegals come to the United States? And how do illegal immigrants make it into the United States? Immigrants can come from all sorts of different continents and countries. However it s most often that immigrants come from third world countries with struggling economies. Struggling countries like Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala, along with many others. Reaching the United States is not easy, and illegals begin their journey with much risk. With the risk illegals face, good reasons are required to consider the journey. In the countries they are leaving, illegals face many dangers from drug cartels and massive corruption in both the local and federal governments. As much as many immigrants try to better their lives in their home countries, they often face massive struggles

Universities Where Students Score High on the ACT

When youre considering to which public college or university to apply, sometimes its helpful to browse through schools who have students scoring similarly on the ACT as you did. If your ACT scores are completely lower or higher than 75% of the students who were accepted to a particular school, perhaps youd be better off searching for a school where students are more in your range, although exceptions are certainly made all the time. This is a list of colleges and universities where 75% of the accepted students scored above or at a 20 - 25 composite score on the ACT. What does this mean? The following public schools are accepting students who are scoring about average on the ACT since the current national average is about a 21. If you have scored between 20 - 25 and all your other credentials fit – GPA, extracurricular activities, recommendation letters, etc. – then perhaps one of these public universities would be a good fit. Please keep in mind that this list is for the composite ACT score – youll see ACT scores a bit lower on particular sections (English, Mathematics, Reading, Science Reasoning), but the composite scores are always between 20 - 25. **Please note that I did not create an article for the private schools with these scores because there were nearly 400 private schools where 75% of the students scored between a 20 - 25 on the ACT. More ACT Score Information How to Understand Score PercentilesWhats a Good ACT Score?Average National ACT ScoresACT Scoring 101: Scaled Vs. RawI Think I Got a Bad ACT Score - Now What? Public Universities Where 75% of Students Score a 20 – 25 on the ACT Note that these are just the public universities. If you see a school listed in this article that was also listed in the 25 - 30 public schools list, then youll know its because the 25th percentile ACT score for that school happened to be a 25. Appalachian State UniversityBoone, North CarolinaArizona State UniversityTempe, Arizona Arkansas State University-Main CampusJonesboro, ArkansasAuburn UniversityAuburn University, AlabamaAuburn University at MontgomeryMontgomery, Alabama Bemidji State UniversityBemidji, MinnesotaBoise State UniversityBoise, Idaho Bridgewater State UniversityBridgewater, MassachusettsCalifornia Maritime AcademyVallejo, California California Polytechnic State University-San Luis ObispoSan Luis Obispo, California California State Polytechnic University-PomonaPomona, CaliforniaCentral Connecticut State UniversityNew Britain, Connecticut Central Michigan UniversityMount Pleasant, Michigan Christopher Newport UniversityNewport News, Virginia Citadel Military College of South CarolinaCharleston, South CarolinaClemson UniversityClemson, South Carolina College of CharlestonCharleston, South CarolinaColorado State University-Fort CollinsFort Collins, Colorado East Carolina UniversityGreenville, North CarolinaE mporia State UniversityEmporia, Kansas Florida Atlantic UniversityBoca Raton, FloridaFlorida Gulf Coast UniversityFort Myers, FloridaFlorida International UniversityMiami, Florida Florida State UniversityTallahassee, Florida Framingham State UniversityFramingham, MassachusettsGeorge Mason UniversityFairfax, Virginia Georgia College State UniversityMilledgeville, Georgia Georgia Southern UniversityStatesboro, GeorgiaGeorgia State UniversityAtlanta, Georgia Grand Valley State UniversityAllendale, MichiganIllinois State UniversityNormal, Illinois Indiana University-BloomingtonBloomington, IndianaIowa State UniversityAmes, Iowa James Madison UniversityHarrisonburg, Virginia Kennesaw State UniversityKennesaw, GeorgiaKent State University at KentKent, Ohio Kirksville Area Technical CenterKirksville, MissouriLake Superior State UniversitySault Ste Marie, Michigan Louisiana State University and Agricultural Mechanical CollegeBaton Rouge, Louisiana Louisiana State University-ShreveportShre veport, LouisianaLouisiana Tech UniversityRuston, Louisiana Massachusetts College of Art and DesignBoston, Massachusetts Massachusetts Maritime AcademyBuzzards Bay, MassachusettsMcNeese State UniversityLake Charles, Louisiana Miami University-OxfordOxford, OhioMichigan State UniversityEast Lansing, Michigan Michigan Technological UniversityHoughton, MichiganMinnesota State University MoorheadMoorhead, Minnesota Minnesota State University-MankatoMankato, MinnesotaMinot State UniversityMinot, North Dakota Mississippi State UniversityMississippi State, Mississippi Missouri State University-SpringfieldSpringfield, Missouri Montana State UniversityBozeman, MontanaMontana Tech of the University of MontanaButte, Montana Morrisville State CollegeMorrisville, New York New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewark, New Jersey New Mexico Institute of Mining and TechnologySocorro, New Mexico North Carolina State University at RaleighRaleigh, North Carolina North Dakota State University-Main CampusFa rgo, North Dakota North Georgia College State UniversityDahlonega, GeorgiaNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaff, Arizona Northwest Missouri State UniversityMaryville, MissouriOakland UniversityRochester Hills, Michigan Ohio University-Main CampusAthens, Ohio Oklahoma State University-Main CampusStillwater, OklahomaOregon State UniversityCorvallis, Oregon Pearl River Community CollegePoplarville, MississippiPennsylvania State University-Main CampusUniversity Park, Pennsylvania Pennsylvania State University-Penn State AltoonaAltoona, Pennsylvania Pennsylvania State University-Penn State HarrisburgMiddletown, PennsylvaniaPennsylvania State University-Penn State YorkYork, Pennsylvania Purdue University-Main CampusWest Lafayette, Indiana Salisbury UniversitySalisbury, MarylandSan Diego State UniversitySan Diego, California South Dakota School of Mines and TechnologyRapid City, South DakotaSouth Dakota State UniversityBrookings, South Dakota Southeast Missouri State UniversityCape Girarde au, Missouri Southern Illinois University EdwardsvilleEdwardsville, Illinois Southern Polytechnic State UniversityMarietta, Georgia Southern Utah UniversityCedar City, Utah St Marys College of MarylandSt. Marys City, Maryland State University of New York at New PaltzNew Paltz, New York Stony Brook UniversityStony Brook, New York SUNY at AlbanyAlbany, New York SUNY at FredoniaFredonia, New YorkSUNY at Purchase CollegePurchase, New York SUNY College at BrockportBrockport, New YorkSUNY College at CortlandCortland, New York SUNY College at Old WestburyOld Westbury, New York SUNY College at OneontaOneonta, New YorkSUNY College at OswegoOswego, New YorkSUNY College at PlattsburghPlattsburgh, New York SUNY College of Agriculture and Technology at CobleskillCobleskill, New York SUNY College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuse, New YorkSUNY College of Technology at AlfredAlfred, New York SUNY Institute of Technology at Utica-RomeUtica, New York SUNY Maritime CollegeThroggs Neck, Ne w York Temple UniversityPhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaTennessee Technological UniversityCookeville, Tennessee Texas A M University-College StationCollege Station, Texas Texas A M University-GalvestonGalveston, Texas Texas State University-San MarcosSan Marcos, Texas Texas Tech UniversityLubbock, Texas The College of New JerseyEwing, New Jersey The Evergreen State CollegeOlympia, WashingtonThe University of AlabamaTuscaloosa, AlabamaThe University of MontanaMissoula, MontanaThe University of TennesseeKnoxville, Tennessee The University of Tennessee at ChattanoogaChattanooga, Tennessee The University of Texas at ArlingtonArlington, Texas The University of Texas at AustinAustin, Texas The University of Texas at San AntonioSan Antonio, TexasThe University of Texas at TylerTyler, Texas The University of West FloridaPensacola, Florida Towson UniversityTowson, Maryland Truman State UniversityKirksville, MissouriUnited States Coast Guard AcademyNew London, Connecticut United States Military A cademyWest Point, New YorkUniversity at BuffaloBuffalo, New York University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AlabamaUniversity of Alabama in HuntsvilleHuntsville, Alabama University of ArizonaTucson, Arizona University of ArkansasFayetteville, ArkansasUniversity of California-DavisDavis, California University of California-IrvineIrvine, California University of California-Los AngelesLos Angeles, California University of California-San DiegoLa Jolla, CaliforniaUniversity of California-Santa BarbaraSanta Barbara, California University of California-Santa CruzSanta Cruz, California University of Central ArkansasConway, Arkansas University of Central FloridaOrlando, Florida University of Cincinnati-Main CampusCincinnati, Ohio University of Colorado BoulderBoulder, Colorado University of Colorado Colorado SpringsColorado Springs, Colorado University of Colorado DenverDenver, ColoradoUniversity of Connecticut-StamfordStamford, Connecticut University of Connecticut-Tri-CampusWaterbury, Connecticut University of DelawareNewark, Delaware University of GeorgiaAthens, Georgia University of Hawaii at ManoaHonolulu, Hawaii University of HoustonHouston, Texas University of IdahoMoscow, IdahoUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicago, Illinois University of Illinois at SpringfieldSpringfield, IllinoisUniversity of IowaIowa City, Iowa University of KansasLawrence, Kansas University of KentuckyLexington, KentuckyUniversity of Louisiana at LafayetteLafayette, LouisianaUniversity of Louisiana-MonroeMonroe, Louisiana University of LouisvilleLouisville, KentuckyUniversity of MaineOrono, Maine University of Mary WashingtonFredericksburg, Virginia University of Maryland-Baltimore CountyBaltimore, MarylandUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstAmherst, Massachusetts University of Massachusetts-DartmouthNorth Dartmouth, Massachusetts University of Massachusetts-LowellLowell, Massachusetts University of MemphisMemphis, TennesseeUniversity of Michigan-DearbornDearborn, Michigan University of Minnesota-CrookstonCrookston, MinnesotaUniversity of Minnesota-DuluthDuluth, Minnesota University of Minnesota-MorrisMorris, Minnesota University of Minnesota-RochesterRochester, MinnesotaUniversity of Minnesota-Twin CitiesMinneapolis, Minnesota University of MississippiUniversity, Mississippi University of Missouri-ColumbiaColumbia, MissouriUniversity of Missouri-Kansas CityKansas City, MissouriUniversity of Missouri-St LouisSaint Louis, MissouriUniversity of MontevalloMontevallo, AlabamaUniversity of Nebraska at KearneyKearney, Nebraska University of Nebraska-LincolnLincoln, Nebraska University of Nevada-RenoReno, NevadaUniversity of New OrleansNew Orleans, LouisianaUniversity of North Carolina at AshevilleAsheville, North Carolina University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotte, North Carolina University of North Carolina at GreensboroGreensboro, North CarolinaUniversity of North Carolina School of the ArtsWinston-Salem, North Carolina University of North Carolina Wilmingto nWilmington, North CarolinaUniversity of North DakotaGrand Forks, North DakotaUniversity of North FloridaJacksonville, Florida University of North TexasDenton, Texas University of Northern ColoradoGreeley, Colorado University of Northern IowaCedar Falls, Iowa University of Oklahoma Norman CampusNorman, OklahomaUniversity of OregonEugene, Oregon University of Pittsburgh-GreensburgGreensburg, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh-JohnstownJohnstown, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh-Pittsburgh CampusPittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Rhode IslandKingston, Rhode Island University of Science and Arts of OklahomaChickasha, OklahomaUniversity of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama University of South Carolina-ColumbiaColumbia, South Carolina University of South DakotaVermillion, South Dakota University of South Florida-Main CampusTampa, Florida University of South Florida-St. PetersburgSt. Petersburg, Florida University of UtahSalt Lake City, UtahUniversity of VermontBurlington, VermontU niversity of Washington-Seattle CampusSeattle, Washington University of Wisconsin-Eau ClaireEau Claire, WisconsinUniversity of Wisconsin-Green BayGreen Bay, Wisconsin University of Wisconsin-La CrosseLa Crosse, WisconsinUniversity of Wisconsin-OshkoshOshkosh, Wisconsin University of Wisconsin-PlattevillePlatteville, WisconsinUniversity of Wisconsin-River FallsRiver Falls, Wisconsin University of Wisconsin-Stevens PointStevens Point, Wisconsin University of Wisconsin-StoutMenomonie, Wisconsin University of Wisconsin-SuperiorSuperior, WisconsinUniversity of Wisconsin-WhitewaterWhitewater, WisconsinUniversity of WyomingLaramie, WyomingUtah State UniversityLogan, Utah Valdosta State UniversityValdosta, GeorgiaVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VirginiaVirginia Military InstituteLexington, VirginiaWashington State UniversityPullman, Washington West Virginia UniversityMorgantown, West VirginiaWestern Washington UniversityBellingham, Washington Westfield State UniversityWestfield, M assachusetts Wichita State UniversityWichita, Kansas Winona State UniversityWinona, MinnesotaWinthrop UniversityRock Hill, South Carolina